Indications:

- Anatomical Deformities:
- The ligaments present an echogenic aspect, however there are some who have helicoidal fibers whose image can give anechogenic areas that should not be confused with injuries. In other cases there are different fascicles belonging to the same ligament that require evaluations separately.
- These lesions of the ligaments are desmopathies with thickening and hypoechogenic or anechogenic areas. The chronic desmopathies are characterized by increased size, thickening of the adjacent tissues and architecture loss from the fibers.

- In fractures caused by avulsion they appreciate fragments with separate borders and practically always the propensity of the ligament.
- In enthesopathies (insertion desmopathies) they tend to see changes in the bone where inserted, there can be lysis, proliferation and surface irregularity.
- Hypertrophy of the synovial membrane indicates synovitis especially in cases of sepsis, and are usually accompanied by an increase in synovial fluid.
- Thickening of the capsule: capsulitis, if acute: hypoechogenic. Generally, combinations in arthritis and arthrosis, with injuries to other structure joints.
- The bones on the margins of the joints are hyperechogenic and have a smooth and soft surface. The presence of osteophytes suggests osteoarthritis. They usually occur in the lateral and medial compartments.
- The cartilage appears as a anechogenic line immediately superimposed to the subchondral bone. In case of presence of liquid, the interface between the fluid and cartilage surface appears as an echogenic line.
- The Subchondral bone appears as a hyperechogenic line. Lysis is seen as discontinuities on the line and is always meaningful.
- Radiographic anomalies. You can complete or confirm the information provided by using radiology.
- Increase of synovial fluid: the pressure of the probe should be lowered to not collapse the recesses. Totally anechogenic. It is normal the presence of a moderate amount of synovial fluid in all of the joints except in the dorsal recess of the Distal Interphalangeal Articulate and in the subextensor recess of the lateral femorotibial joint. If there is an appearance of homogeneously echogenic: suspect sepsis, if it is a heterogeneously echogenic: suspect hemarthrosis. Hyperechogenic points or lines are compatible with joint debris or fibrin. Osteochondral fragments give hyperechogenic lines acoustic shadowing.